Kerala’s Vigilance & Anti-Corruption Bureau (VACB) provides a structured mechanism to address corruption across various public departments. However, the workflow for handling complaints can slightly vary depending on the department involved - especially when comparing local self-government institutions like Panchayats with larger administrative bodies like Urban Local Bodies and the Town Planning Department. Here's a handy reference for how these workflows differ.

1. Panchayats: Grassroots-Level Vigilance

Complaints involving Panchayats- especially related to beneficiary lists, NREGS work, construction permits, or misuse of welfare schemes- are typically routed through District Vigilance Units. Once a complaint is received:

• A Preliminary Verification (PV) is done by a Vigilance officer in coordination with local officers such as the Block Development Officer or Assistant Engineer.
• In case of financial irregularities, audits are requested from the Local Fund Audit Department.
• If sufficient evidence is found, a Formal Inquiry or FIR is registered.
• The accused may face disciplinary proceedings under the Panchayat Raj Act if wrongdoing is confirmed.

Since Panchayats deal with localized public services, VACB emphasizes quick ground-level verification and community witness collection to ensure transparency and public participation.

2. Urban Local Bodies (Municipalities & Corporations)

Complaints here often relate to building permits, sanitation contracts, trade licenses, or property tax assessments. Mid-level officials or contractors are typically involved in these complaints.

• The VACB assigns Urban Vigilance Cells to assess the initial complaint.
• Site inspections are conducted, often in the presence of external technical officers (such as from PWD or Electrical Inspectorate).
• Due to the complexity of records and potential collusion, document audits and digital record tracing (through e-governance systems) play a bigger role than in Panchayat cases.
• If evidence of corruption is found, prosecution is launched in the designated Vigilance Court.

3. Town & Country Planning Department

This department handles high-stakes approvals, zoning regulations, and large infrastructure projects- often involving senior officials and private builders.

• Complaints are first vetted at the state-level VACB headquarters or referred by the Lokayukta.
• The process typically involves technical scrutiny by independent government architects or structural engineers.
• Investigation is data-heavy, involving plans, maps, file noting, and digital communications.
• Cases, if proven, may lead to both criminal prosecution and project de-approvals or cancellation of licenses.

While Kerala Vigilance follows a common framework of complaint, verification, and inquiry, the workflow adapts to the complexity and scale of each department. For citizens, understanding this helps ensure better tracking, follow-up, and responsible reporting.